In this chapter, we describe current methodologies to quantitatively analyze CMA activity in different experimental models.Ĭhaperones Lysosomes Proteolysis Subcellular fractionation. Dysfunctional CMA occurs with age and has now been described in a growing list of human pathologies such as metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, immunodeficiency, and diabetes. Lastly, due to the intrinsic protein selectivity of CMA, this type of autophagy exerts regulatory functions by mediating timely degradation of key cellular proteins that participate in processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA repair, and cellular reprogramming, among others. 50 The core-autophagy components, which have been implicated in secretory autophagy are ATG3, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG16L1, albeit exerting distinct roles as during macroautophagy. CMA also participates in the control of the cellular energetic balance through recycling of amino acids resulting from lysosomal proteolysis of the substrate proteins. The impedance of degradation also results in enhanced autophagy-mediated secretion of WIPI2, LC3B, NBR1, and p62/SQSTM1. CMA plays an important role in maintaining cellular proteostasis by eliminating damaged and altered proteins. There, they are translocated into the organelle lumen through a lysosomal membrane receptor/translocation complex. These proteins are identified by a chaperone that targets them to lysosomes. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective type of autophagy whereby a specific subset of intracellular proteins is targeted to the lysosome for degradation.
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